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  • The Culture of Protection and the Protection of Culture - A Canadian Perspective in 1998

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Acheson, Keith and Maule, Christopher
    Abstract:
    An earlier version of this paper was prepared for a Symposium, Cultural Policies in Regional Integration, sponsored by the Center for the Study of Western Hemispheric Trade and the Mexican Center of the Institute of Latin American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, February 2, 1998.
    Date Created:
    1998-02-28

  • Donor Competition for Influence in Recipient Country

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Rowlands, Dane and Calleja, Rachael
    Abstract:
    The analysis of official development assistance has always struggled with the contradiction between its more altruistic motivations for global development and its easy adaptation as an instrument for the donor’s pursuit of self-interested foreign policy objectives. In the international system foreign aid may thus become a forum for both cooperative and competitive interactions between donors. This chapter explores the interdependence of aid by reviewing the literature on donor interdependence, with a particular focus on donor competition for influence in recipient states. We then present a simple theoretical framework to examine donor competition, and provide some preliminary empirical testing of resulting hypotheses. We conclude that while the evidence about competition is fixed, the behaviour of some donors is consistent with their pursuit of influence in certain recipient states.
    Date Created:
    2015-03-01

  • Terrorist Chatter – Understanding what terrorists talk about

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Kilberg, Joshua, Vidino, Lorenzo, Lefkowitz, Josh, and Kohlmann, Evan
    Abstract:
    Since the early 2000s the Internet has become particularly crucial for the global jihadist movement. Nowhere has the Internet been more important in the movement’s development than  in  the  West.  While  dynamics  differ  from  case  to  case,  it  is  fair  to  state  that  almost  all  recent cases of radicalization in the West involve at least some digital footprint. Jihadists, whether structured groups or unaffiliated sympathizers, have long understood the importance of the Internet in general and social media, in particular. Zachary Chesser, one of the individuals studied  in  this  report,  fittingly  describes  social  media  as  “simply  the  most  dynamic  and  convenient form of media there is.” As the trend is likely to increase, understanding how individuals make the leap to actual militancy is critically important. This study is based on the analysis of the online activities of seven individuals. They share several key traits. All seven were born or raised in the United States. All seven were active in online and offline jihadist scene around the same time (mid‐ to late 2000s and early 2010s). All seven were either convicted for terrorism‐related offenses (or, in the case of two of the seven, were killed in terrorism‐related incidents.) The  intended  usefulness  of  this  study  is  not  in  making  the  case  for  monitoring  online  social media for intelligence purpose—an effort for which authorities throughout the West need little encouragement. Rather, the report is meant to provide potentially useful pointers in the  field  of  counter‐radicalization.  Over  the  past  ten  years  many  Western  countries  have  devised more or less extensive strategies aimed at preventing individuals from embracing radical ideas or de‐radicalizing (or favoring the disengagement) of committed militants. (Canada is also in the process of establishing its own counter‐radicalization strategy.)
    Date Created:
    2015-05-01

  • Assessing Vertical Constraints in Motion Picture Exhibition Contracts

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Acheson, Keith and Liu, Xiguang
    Date Created:
    1998-03-19

  • Education as a Positional Good: The Role of Vouchers

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Chen, Zhiqi and West, Edwin
    Abstract:
    People's satisfaction from some goods and services depends on their relative as distinct from their absolute position as consumers. Such items are called "positional goods", and a restriction of their supply in the situation of general income growth is conducive to expenditure escalation as in an arms race. If education is a positional good in this sense, arrangements are needed that will best prevent such an outcome. The introduction of education vouchers of a value egual to the average per capita public school expenditure, it is argued, will only hinder not help. This is because some recipients will be tempted to obtain more education with marginal additions to their vouchers from their own pockets. Vouchers are thus welfare reducing because they encourage rather than discourage "arms race" situations. Using a formal median voter model we show that concerns over possible escalation of expenditure will prompt a majority of voters to reject a universal voucher system. We examine, as an alternative, a selective voucher system that will remove the escalation problem. Under this system only low-income families will receive vouchers. We demonstrate that the median voter will favor such a selective voucher system provided that the voucher-induced increase in competition lowers costs and/or improves guality of education.
    Date Created:
    1997-02-01

  • Graduate Students and the Academic Library: What does the Future Hold?

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Scammell, Janice
    Abstract:
    "I began my sabbatical research with what seemed a defined but narrow focus: the information literacy needs of graduate students. The Information Literacy Standards of the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries (ACRL) provided a reasonable foundation upon which to build, and a qualitative research design, sampling a number of graduate students at Carleton University, is a productive strategy. My project has since evolved in unexpected but distinctly broader and more challenging directions. I found, through ongoing reviews of existing literature, as well as through my own personal experience and discussions with colleagues, that some work has already been done to identify the concerns and needs of graduate students. Further, I discovered that there is a growing body of research aimed at identifying gaps and suggesting best practices." (from introduction)
    Date Created:
    2009-01-01

  • Elizabeth Smart: The Shifting Boundary between Nature and Art

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Scammell, Janice
    Abstract:
    Elizabeth Smart 's writings--her theory and practice of art-- present patterns of change and constancy. Art, initially constituted in an entwined and supportive inter-relation of nature, love/passion, God, ir.spiration :and will, is in its maturity generated from within a dissolution of the supportive context. Art finds its power of expression in opposition to nature and in the absence of God. By Grand Centnl Station I Sat Down and Wept presents art in its true creativity: creating unity from a central visionary perspective. From this point onwards art falls away from its metamorphic principle of transformation, in an enforced exile, and in the later works becomes an expression of the radical separation of nature (and love/passion) from the visionary perception. Art without a supportive environment is actualized in a self-referential creation, a "magic marriage of words," that is still, however, a transformation (of tragedy into comedy) and an expression of a potentially redemptive God-like wrath and will.
    Date Created:
    1988-04-05

  • Portfolio Allocation over Life-Cycle with Multiple Late-in-Life Saving Motives

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Lee, Minjoon
    Abstract:
    Older households face health-related risks, including risk of being in need of long-term care and mortality risk. How these risks affect financial portfolio choice of households depends on household preferences for long-term care and bequest. Using linked survey-administrative data on clients of a mutual fund company, this paper finds that the desire to have enough resources for long-term care and bequests are overall strong but also heterogeneous across households. The estimated relationship between actual stock share of households and the strength of these preferences is qualitatively similar but quantitatively much weaker compared to the predictions from the life-cycle model with the estimated preference heterogeneity. Based on the predictions from the model, this paper discusses what financial instruments would better meet the needs of households.
    Date Created:
    2018-07-22

  • Heterogeneity in Expectations, Risk Tolerance, and Household Stock Shares

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Shapiro, Matthew D., Lee, Minjoon, Kézdi, Gábor, and Ameriks, John
    Abstract:
    This paper investigates the relationship between stock share and expectations and risk preferences using linked survey responses and administrative records from account holders. The survey allows individual-level, quantitative estimates of risk tolerance and of the perceived mean and variance of stock returns. Estimated risk tolerance, expected return, and perceived risk have economically and statistically significant explanatory power for the distribution of stock shares. Relative to each other, the magnitudes are in proportion with the predictions of benchmark theories, but they are substantially attenuated. MBA graduates have more stable beliefs, more knowledge about their account holdings, and less attenuation.
    Date Created:
    2017-06-26

  • The Wealth of Wealthholders

    Resource Type:
    Research Paper
    Creator:
    Lee, Minjoon, Tonetti, Christopher, Shapiro, Matthew D., Caplin, Andrew, and Ameriks, John
    Abstract:
    This paper introduces the Vanguard Research Initiative (VRI), a new panel survey of wealthholders designed to yield high-quality measurements of a large sample of older Americans who arrive at retirement with significant financial assets. The VRI links survey data with a variety of administrative data from Vanguard. The survey features an account-by-account approach to asset measurement and a real-time feedback and correction mechanism that are shown to be highly successful in eliciting accurate measures of wealth. Specifically, the VRI data reflect unbiased and precise estimates of wealth when compared to administrative account data. The VRI sample has characteristics similar to populations meeting analogous wealth and Internet access eligibility conditions in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). To illustrate the value of the VRI, the paper shows that the relationship between wealth and expected retirement date is very different in the VRI than in the HRS and SCF—mainly because those surveys have so few observations where wealth levels are high enough to finance substantial consumption during retirement.
    Date Created:
    2014-12-09