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  • Pattern recognition using the TTOCONROT

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Oommen, B. John and Astudillo, César A.
    Abstract:
    We present a method that employs a tree-based Neural Network (NN) for performing classification. The novel mechanism, apart from incorporating the information provided by unlabeled and labeled instances, re-arranges the nodes of the tree as per the laws of Adaptive Data Structures (ADSs). Particularly, we investigate the Pattern Recognition (PR) capabilities of the Tree-Based Topology-Oriented SOM (TTOSOM) when Conditional Rotations (CONROT) [8] are incorporated into the learning scheme. The learning methodology inherits all the properties of the TTOSOM-based classifier designed in [4]. However, we now augment it with the property that frequently accessed nodes are moved closer to the root of the tree. Our experimental results show that on average, the classification capabilities of our proposed strategy are reasonably comparable to those obtained by some of the state-of-the-art classification schemes that only use labeled instances during the training phase. The experiments also show that improved levels of accuracy can be obtained by imposing trees with a larger number of nodes.
    Date Created:
    2015-01-01

  • On the online classification of data streams using weak estimators

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Tavasoli, Hanane, Oommen, B. John, and Yazidi, Anis
    Abstract:
    In this paper, we propose a novel online classifier for complex data streams which are generated from non-stationary stochastic properties. Instead of using a single training model and counters to keep important data statistics, the introduced online classifier scheme provides a real-time self-adjusting learning model. The learning model utilizes the multiplication-based update algorithm of the Stochastic Learning Weak Estimator (SLWE) at each time instant as a new labeled instance arrives. In this way, the data statistics are updated every time a new element is inserted, without requiring that we have to rebuild its model when changes occur in the data distributions. Finally, and most importantly, the model operates with the understanding that the correct classes of previously-classified patterns become available at a later juncture subsequent to some time instances, thus requiring us to update the training set and the training model. The results obtained from rigorous empirical analysis on multinomial distributions, is remarkable. Indeed, it demonstrates the applicability of our method on synthetic datasets, and proves the advantages of the introduced scheme.
    Date Created:
    2016-01-01

  • A novel clustering algorithm based on a non-parametric “anti-bayesian” paradigm

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Yazidi, Anis, Oommen, B. John, and Hammer, Hugo Lewi
    Abstract:
    The problem of clustering, or unsupervised classification, has been solved by a myriad of techniques, all of which depend, either directly or implicitly, on the Bayesian principle of optimal classification. To be more specific, within a Bayesian paradigm, if one is to compare the testing sample with only a single point in the feature space from each class, the optimal Bayesian strategy would be to achieve this based on the distance from the corresponding means or central points in the respective distributions. When this principle is applied in clustering, one would assign an unassigned sample into the cluster whose mean is the closest, and this can be done in either a bottom-up or a top-down manner. This paper pioneers a clustering achieved in an “Anti-Bayesian” manner, and is based on the breakthrough classification paradigm pioneered by Oommen et al. The latter relies on a radically different approach for classifying data points based on the non-central quantiles of the distributions. Surprisingly and counter-intuitively, this turns out to work equally or close-to-equally well to an optimal supervised Bayesian scheme, which thus begs the natural extension to the unexplored arena of clustering. Our algorithm can be seen as the Anti-Bayesian counter-part of the wellknown k-means algorithm (The fundamental Anti-Bayesian paradigm need not just be used to the k-means principle. Rather, we hypothesize that it can be adapted to any of the scores of techniques that is indirectly based on the Bayesian paradigm.), where we assign points to clusters using quantiles rather than the clusters’ centroids. Extensive experimentation (This paper contains the prima facie results of experiments done on one and two-dimensional data. The extensions to multi-dimensional data are not included in the interest of space, and would use the corresponding multi-dimensional Anti-Na¨ıve-Bayes classification rules given in [1].) demonstrates that our Anti-Bayesian clustering converges fast and with precision results competitive to a k-means clustering.
    Date Created:
    2015-01-01

  • Enhancing history-based move ordering in game playing using adaptive data structures

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Polk, Spencer and Oommen, B. John
    Abstract:
    This paper pioneers the avenue of enhancing a well-known paradigm in game playing, namely the use of History-based heuristics, with a totally-unrelated area of computer science, the field of Adaptive Data Structures (ADSs). It is a well-known fact that highly-regarded game playing strategies, such as alpha-beta search, benefit strongly from proper move ordering, and from this perspective, the History heuristic is, probably, one of the most acclaimed techniques used to achieve AI-based game playing. Recently, the authors of this present paper have shown that techniques derived from the field of ADSs, which are concerned with query optimization in a data structure, can be applied to move ordering in multi-player games. This was accomplished by ranking opponent threat levels. The work presented in this paper seeks to extend the utility of ADS-based techniques to two-player and multi-player games, through the development of a new move ordering strategy that incorporates the historical advantages of the moves. The resultant technique, the History-ADS heuristic, has been found to produce substantial (i.e, even up to 70%) savings in a variety of two-player and multi-player games, at varying ply depths, and at both initial and midgame board states. As far as we know, results of this nature have not been reported in the literature before.
    Date Created:
    2015-01-01

  • On the foundations of multinomial Sequence based estimation

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Oommen, B. John and Kim, Sang-Woon
    Abstract:
    This paper deals with the relatively new field of sequencebased estimation which involves utilizing both the information in the observations and in their sequence of appearance. Our intention is to obtain Maximum Likelihood estimates by “extracting” the information contained in the observations when perceived as a sequence rather than as a set. The results of [15] introduced the concepts of Sequence Based Estimation (SBE) for the Binomial distribution. This current paper generalizes these results for the multinomial “two-at-a-time” scenario. We invoke a novel phenomenon called “Occlusion” that can be described as follows: By “concealing” certain observations, we map the estimation problem onto a lower-dimensional binomial space. Once these occluded SBEs have been computed, we demonstrate how the overall Multinomial SBE (MSBE) can be obtained by mapping several lower-dimensional estimates onto the original higher-dimensional space. We formally prove and experimentally demonstrate the convergence of the corresponding estimates.
    Date Created:
    2016-01-01

  • Search-Based Software Engineering: 7th International Symposium, SSBSE 2015 Bergamo, Italy, September 5-7, 2015 Proceedings

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Labiche, Yvan and Barros, Márcio
    Date Created:
    2015-01-01

  • Multinomial sequence based estimation using contiguous subsequences of length three

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kim, Sang-Woon and Oommen, B. John
    Abstract:
    The Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian estimation paradigms work within the model that the data, from which the parameters are to be estimated, is treated as a set rather than as a sequence. The pioneering paper that dealt with the field of sequence-based estimation [2] involved utilizing both the information in the observations and in their sequence of appearance. The results of [2] introduced the concepts of Sequence Based Estimation (SBE) for the Binomial distribution, where the authors derived the corresponding MLE results when the samples are taken two-at-a-time, and then extended these for the cases when they are processed three-at-a-time, four-at-a-time etc. These results were generalized for the multinomial “two-at-a-time” scenario in [3]. This paper (This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Mohamed Kamel, who was a close friend of the first author.) now further generalizes the results found in [3] for the multinomial case and for subsequences of length 3. The strategy used in [3] (and also here) involves a novel phenomenon called “Occlusion” that has not been reported in the field of estimation. The phenomenon can be described as follows: By occluding (hiding or concealing) certain observations, we map the estimation problem onto a lower-dimensional space, i.e., onto a binomial space. Once these occluded SBEs have been computed, the overall Multinomial SBE (MSBE) can be obtained by combining these lower-dimensional estimates. In each case, we formally prove and experimentally demonstrate the convergence of the corresponding estimates.
    Date Created:
    2016-01-01

  • A facility coloring problem in 1-D

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Maheshwari, Anil, Nandy, Ayan, Smid, Michiel, and Das, Sandip
    Abstract:
    Consider a line segment R consisting of n facilities. Each facility is a point on R and it needs to be assigned exactly one of the colors from a given palette of c colors. At an instant of time only the facilities of one particular color are 'active' and all other facilities are 'dormant'. For the set of facilities of a particular color, we compute the one dimensional Voronoi diagram, and find the cell, i.e, a segment of maximum length. The users are assumed to be uniformly distributed over R and they travel to the nearest among the facilities of that particular color that is active. Our objective is to assign colors to the facilities in such a way that the length of the longest cell is minimized. We solve this optimization problem for various values of n and c. We propose an optimal coloring scheme for the number of facilities n being a multiple of c as well as for the general case where n is not a multiple of c. When n is a multiple of c, we compute an optimal scheme in Θ(n) time. For the general case, we propose a coloring scheme that returns the optimal in O(n2logn) time.
    Date Created:
    2014-01-01

  • Characterizing and computing causes for query answers in databases from database repairs and repair programs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Bertossi, Leopoldo
    Abstract:
    A correspondence between database tuples as causes for query answers in databases and tuple-based repairs of inconsistent databases with respect to denial constraints has already been established. In this work, answer-set programs that specify repairs of databases are used as a basis for solving computational and reasoning problems about causes. Here, causes are also introduced at the attribute level by appealing to a both null-based and attribute-based repair semantics. The corresponding repair programs are presented, and they are used as a basis for computation and reasoning about attribute-level causes.
    Date Created:
    2018-01-01

  • Local routing in spanners based on WSPDs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Dujmović, Vida, De Carufel, Jean-Lou, Bose, Prosenjit, and Paradis, Frédérik
    Abstract:
    The well-separated pair decomposition (WSPD) of the complete Euclidean graph defined on points in ℝ2 (Callahan and Kosaraju [JACM, 42 (1): 67-90, 1995]) is a technique for partitioning the edges of the complete graph based on length into a linear number of sets. Among the many different applications of WSPDs, Callahan and Kosaraju proved that the sparse subgraph that results by selecting an arbitrary edge from each set (called WSPD-spanner) is a 1 + 8/(s − 4)-spanner, where s > 4 is the separation ratio used for partitioning the edges. Although competitive local-routing strategies exist for various spanners such as Yao-graphs, Θ-graphs, and variants of Delaunay graphs, few local-routing strategies are known for any WSPD-spanner. Our main contribution is a local-routing algorithm with a near-optimal competitive routing ratio of 1 + O(1/s) on a WSPD-spanner. Specifically, we present a 2-local and a 1-local routing algorithm on a WSPD-spanner with competitive routing ratios of 1+6/(s−2)+4/s and 1+6/(s−2)+ 6/s + 4/(s2 − 2s) + 8/s2respectively.
    Date Created:
    2017-01-01

  • Pro-active strategies for the frugal feeding problem in wireless sensor networks

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Lanthier, Mark, Velazquez, Elio, and Santoro, Nicola
    Abstract:
    This paper proposes a pro-active solution to the Frugal Feeding Problem (FFP) in Wireless Sensor Networks. The FFP attempts to find energy-efficient routes for a mobile service entity to rendezvous with each member of a team of mobile robots. Although the complexity of the FFP is similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), we propose an efficient solution, completely distributed and localized for the case of a fixed rendezvous location (i.e., service facility with limited number of docking ports) and mobile capable entities (sensors). Our pro-active solution reduces the FFP to finding energy-efficient routes in a dynamic Compass Directed unit Graph (CDG). The proposed CDG incorporates ideas from forward progress routing and the directionality of compass routing in an energy-aware unit sub-graph. Navigating the CDG guarantees that each sensor will reach the rendezvous location in a finite number of steps. The ultimate goal of our solution is to achieve energy equilibrium (i.e., no further sensor losses due to energy starvation) by optimizing the use of the shared resource (recharge station). We also examine the impact of critical parameters such as transmission range, cost of mobility and sensor knowledge in the overall performance.
    Date Created:
    2011-11-14

  • Bi-directional representation learning for multi-label classification

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Guo, Yuhong and Li, Xin
    Abstract:
    Multi-label classification is a central problem in many application domains. In this paper, we present a novel supervised bi-directional model that learns a low-dimensional mid-level representation for multi-label classification. Unlike traditional multi-label learning methods which identify intermediate representations from either the input space or the output space but not both, the mid-level representation in our model has two complementary parts that capture intrinsic information of the input data and the output labels respectively under the autoencoder principle while augmenting each other for the target output label prediction. The resulting optimization problem can be solved efficiently using an iterative procedure with alternating steps, while closed-form solutions exist for one major step. Our experiments conducted on a variety of multi-label data sets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed bi-directional representation learning model for multi-label classification.
    Date Created:
    2014-01-01

  • The impact of naive agents in heterogeneous trust-aware societies

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    White, Anthony and Salehi-Abari, Amirali
    Abstract:
    Autonomous agents require trust and reputation concepts in order to identify communities of agents with which to interact reliably in ways analogous to humans. Agent societies are invariably heterogeneous, with multiple decision making policies and actions governing their behaviour. Through the introduction of naive agents, this paper shows empirically that while learning agents can identify malicious agents through direct interaction, naive agents compromise utility through their inability to discern malicious agents. Moreover, the impact of the proportion of naive agents on the society is analyzed. The paper demonstrates that there is a need for witness interaction trust to detect naive agents in addition to the need for direct interaction trust to detect malicious agents. By proposing a set of policies, the paper demonstrates how learning agents can isolate themselves from naive and malicious agents.
    Date Created:
    2010-07-20

  • Coarse grained parallel algorithms for detecting convex bipartite graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Prencipe, Giuseppe, Cáceres, Edson, Chan, Albert, and Dehne, Frank
    Abstract:
    In this paper, we present parallel algorithms for the coarse grained multicomputer (CGM) and the bulk synchronous parallel computer (BSP) for solving two well known graph problems: (1) determining whether a graph G is bipartite, and (2) determining whether a bipartite graph G is convex. Our algorithms require O(log p) and O(log2 p) communication rounds, respectively, and linear sequential work per round on a CGM with p processors and N/p local memory per processor, N=|G|. The algorithms assume that N/ p ≥ p€ for some fixed€ > 0, which is true for all commercially available multiprocessors. Our results imply BSP algorithms with O(log p) and O(log2 p) supersteps, respectively, O(g log(p) N p) communication time, and O(log(p) N p) local computation time. Our algorithm for determining whether a bipartite graph is convex includes a novel, coarse grained parallel, version of the PQ tree data structure introduced by Booth and Lueker. Hence, our algorithm also solves, with the same time complexity as indicated above, the problem of testing the consecutive-ones property for (0, 1) matrices as well as the chordal graph recognition problem. These, in turn, have numerous applications in graph theory, DNA sequence assembly, database theory, and other areas.
    Date Created:
    2000-01-01

  • External memory algorithms for outerplanar graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Maheshwari, Anil and Zeh, Norbert
    Abstract:
    We present external memory algorithms for outerplanarity testing, embedding outerplanar graphs, breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) in outerplanar graphs, and finding a2-separator of size 2 for a given outerplanar graph. Our algorithms take O(sort(N)) I/Os and can easily be improved to take O (perm (N)) I/Os, as all these problems have linear time solutions in internal memory. For BFS, DFS, and outerplanar embedding we show matching lower bounds.
    Date Created:
    1999-01-01

  • Online routing in triangulations?

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Morin, Pat and Bose, Prosenjit
    Abstract:
    We consider online routing strategies for routing between the vertices of embedded planar straight line graphs. Our results include (1) two deterministic memoryless routing strategies, one that works for all Delaunay triangulations and the other that works for all regular triangulations, (2) a randomized memoryless strategy that works for all triangulations, (3) an O(1) memory strategy that works for all convex subdivisions, (4) an O(1) memory strategy that approximates the shortest path in Delaunay triangulations, and (5) theoretical and experimental results on the competitiveness of these strategies.
    Date Created:
    1999-01-01

  • Station layouts in the presence of location constraints

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Peleg, David, Krizanc, Danny, Kirousis, Lefteris M., Kranakis, Evangelos, Kaklamanis, Christos, and Bose, Prosenjit
    Abstract:
    In wireless communication, the signal of a typical broadcast station is transmited from a broadcast center p and reaches objects at a distance, say, R from it. In addition there is a radius r, r < R, such that the signal originating from the center of the station is so strong that human habitation within distance r from the center p should be avoided. Thus every station determines a region which is an “annulus of permissible habitation". We consider the following station layout (SL) problem: Cover a given (say, rectangular) planar region which includes a collection of orthogonal buildings with a minimum number of stations so that every point in the region is within the reach of a station, while at the same time no building is within the dangerous range of a station. We give algorithms for computing such station layouts in both the one-and two-dimensional cases.
    Date Created:
    1999-01-01

  • Approximating the unsatisfiability threshold of random formulas: (Extended abstract)

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Krizanc, Danny, Kranakis, Evangelos, and Kirousis, Lefteris M.
    Abstract:
    Let φ be a random Boolean formula that is an instance of 3-SAT. We consider the problem of computing the least real number such that if the ratio of the number of clauses over the number of variables of φ strictly exceeds κ, then φ is almost certainly unsatisfiable. By a well known and more or less straightforward argument, it can be shown that κ 3.
    Date Created:
    1996-01-01

  • An ϵ - Approximation algorithm for weighted shortest paths on polyhedral surfaces

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Maheshwari, Anil, Sack, Jörg-Rüdiger, Lanthier, Mark, and Aleksandrov, Lyudmil
    Date Created:
    1998-01-01

  • Upper bounds on the spanning ratio of constrained theta-graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Bose, Prosenjit and Van Renssen, André
    Abstract:
    We present tight upper and lower bounds on the spanning ratio of a large family of constrained θ-graphs. We show that constrained θ-graphs with 4k2 (k≥ 1 and integer) cones have a tight spanning ratio of 1+2 sin(θ/2), where θ is 2 π/ (4k+2). We also present improved upper bounds on the spanning ratio of the other families of constrained θ-graphs.
    Date Created:
    2014-01-01

  • Maximizing a voronoi region: The convex case

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Seidel, Raimund, Dehne, Frank, and Klein, Rolf
    Abstract:
    Given a set S of s points in the plane, where do we place a new point, p, in order to maximize the area of its region in the Voronoi diagram of S and p? We study the case where the Voronoi neighbors of p are in convex position, and prove that there is at most one local maximum.
    Date Created:
    2002-12-01

  • Mercury: Recovering forgotten passwords using personal devices

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Mannan, Mohammad, Barrera, David, Van Oorschot, Paul C., Lie, David, and Brown, Carson D.
    Abstract:
    Instead of allowing the recovery of original passwords, forgotten passwords are often reset using online mechanisms such as password verification questions (PVQ methods) and password reset links in email. These mechanisms are generally weak, exploitable, and force users to choose new passwords. Emailing the original password exposes the password to third parties. To address these issues, and to allow forgotten passwords to be securely restored, we present a scheme called Mercury. Its primary mode employs user-level public keys and a personal mobile device (PMD) such as a smart-phone, netbook, or tablet. A user generates a key pair on her PMD; the private key remains on the PMD and the public key is shared with different sites (e.g., during account setup). For password recovery, the site sends the (public key)-encrypted password to the user's pre-registered email address, or displays the encrypted password on a webpage, e.g., as a barcode. The encrypted password is then decrypted using the PMD and revealed to the user. A prototype implementation of Mercury is available as an Android application.
    Date Created:
    2012-02-21

  • Two-dimensional range diameter queries

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Van Walderveen, Freek, Davoodi, Pooya, and Smid, Michiel
    Abstract:
    Given a set of n points in the plane, range diameter queries ask for the furthest pair of points in a given axis-parallel rectangular range. We provide evidence for the hardness of designing space-efficient data structures that support range diameter queries by giving a reduction from the set intersection problem. The difficulty of the latter problem is widely acknowledged and is conjectured to require nearly quadratic space in order to obtain constant query time, which is matched by known data structures for both problems, up to polylogarithmic factors. We strengthen the evidence by giving a lower bound for an important subproblem arising in solutions to the range diameter problem: computing the diameter of two convex polygons, that are separated by a vertical line and are preprocessed independently, requires almost linear time in the number of vertices of the smaller polygon, no matter how much space is used. We also show that range diameter queries can be answered much more efficiently for the case of points in convex position by describing a data structure of size O(n log n) that supports queries in O(log n) time.
    Date Created:
    2012-05-15

  • Preventing the cluster formation attack against the hierarchical OLSR protocol

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Cervera, Gimer, Barbeau, Michel, Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin, and Kranakis, Evangelos
    Abstract:
    The Hierarchical Optimized Link State Routing (HOLSR) protocol enhances the scalability and heterogeneity of traditional OLSR-based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). It organizes the network in logical levels and nodes in clusters. In every cluster, it implements the mechanisms and algorithms of the original OLSR to generate and to distribute control traffic information. However, the HOLSR protocol was designed with no security in mind. Indeed, it both inherits, from OLSR, and adds new security threats. For instance, the existence of misbehaving nodes can highly affect important HOLSR operations, such as the cluster formation. Cluster IDentification (CID) messages are implemented to organize a HOLSR network in clusters. In every message, the hop count field indicates to the receiver the distance in hops to the originator. An attacker may maliciously alter the hop count field. As a consequence, a receiver node may join a cluster head farther away than it appears. Then, the scalability properties in a HOLSR network is affected by an unbalanced distribution of nodes per cluster. We present a solution based on the use of hash chains to protect mutable fields in CID messages. As a consequence, when a misbehaving node alters the hop count field in a CID message, the receiver nodes are able of detecting and discarding the invalid message.
    Date Created:
    2012-01-27

  • On minimizing the sum of sensor movements for barrier coverage of a line segment

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Czyzowicz, Jurek, Opatrny, Jaroslav, Kranakis, Evangelos, Narayanan, Lata, Krizanc, Danny, Stacho, Ladislav, Urrutia, Jorge, Yazdani, Mohammadreza, and Lambadaris, Ioannis
    Abstract:
    A set of sensors establishes barrier coverage of a given line segment if every point of the segment is within the sensing range of a sensor. Given a line segment I, n mobile sensors in arbitrary initial positions on the line (not necessarily inside I) and the sensing ranges of the sensors, we are interested in finding final positions of sensors which establish a barrier coverage of I so that the sum of the distances traveled by all sensors from initial to final positions is minimized. It is shown that the problem is NP complete even to approximate up to constant factor when the sensors may have different sensing ranges. When the sensors have an identical sensing range we give several efficient algorithms to calculate the final destinations so that the sensors either establish a barrier coverage or maximize the coverage of the segment if complete coverage is not feasible while at the same time the sum of the distances traveled by all sensors is minimized. Some open problems are also mentioned.
    Date Created:
    2010-12-13

  • Security threat mitigation trends in low-cost RFID systems

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Barbeau, Michel, Kranakis, Evangelos, and Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin
    Abstract:
    The design and implementation of security threat mitigation mechanisms in RFID systems, specially in low-cost RFID tags, are gaining great attention in both industry and academia. One main focus of research interests is the authentication and privacy techniques to prevent attacks targeting the insecure wireless channel of these systems. Cryptography is a key tool to address these threats. Nevertheless, strong hardware constraints, such as production costs, power consumption, time of response, and regulations compliance, makes the use of traditional cryptography in these systems a very challenging problem. The use of low-overhead procedures becomes the main approach to solve these challenging problems where traditional cryptography cannot fit. Recent results and trends, with an emphasis on lightweight techniques for addressing critical threats against low-cost RFID systems, are surveyed.
    Date Created:
    2010-05-03

  • Routing on delay tolerant sensor networks

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kranakis, Evangelos, Krizanc, Danny, Narayanan, Lata, and Keane, Michael
    Abstract:
    Delay (or disruption) tolerant sensor networks may be modeled as Markovian evolving graphs [1]. We present experimental evidence showing that considering multiple (possibly not shortest) paths instead of one fixed (greedy) path can decrease the expected time to deliver a packet on such a network by as much as 65 per cent depending on the probability that an edge exists in a given time interval. We provide theoretical justification for this result by studying a special case of the Markovian evolving grid graph. We analyze a natural algorithm for routing on such networks and show that it is possible to improve the expected time of delivery by up to a factor of two depending upon the probability of an edge being up during a time step and the relative positions of the source and destination. Furthermore we show that this is optimal, i.e., no other algorithm can achieve a better expected running time. As an aside, our results give high probability bounds for Knuth's toilet paper problem [11].
    Date Created:
    2009-12-01

  • I/O and space-efficient path traversal in planar graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    He, Meng, Dillabaugh, Craig, Zeh, Norbert, and Maheshwari, Anil
    Date Created:
    2009-12-01

  • On minimizing the maximum sensor movement for barrier coverage of a line segment

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Krizanc, D., Yazdani, M., Stacho, L., Narayanan, L., Lambadaris, Ioannis, Opatrny, J., Czyzowicz, J., Kranakis, Evangelos, and Urrutia, J.
    Abstract:
    We consider n mobile sensors located on a line containing a barrier represented by a finite line segment. Sensors form a wireless sensor network and are able to move within the line. An intruder traversing the barrier can be detected only when it is within the sensing range of at least one sensor. The sensor network establishes barrier coverage of the segment if no intruder can penetrate the barrier from any direction in the plane without being detected. Starting from arbitrary initial positions of sensors on the line we are interested in finding final positions of sensors that establish barrier coverage and minimize the maximum distance traversed by any sensor. We distinguish several variants of the problem, based on (a) whether or not the sensors have identical ranges, (b) whether or not complete coverage is possible and (c) in the case when complete coverage is impossible, whether or not the maximal coverage is required to be contiguous. For the case of n sensors with identical range, when complete coverage is impossible, we give linear time optimal algorithms that achieve maximal coverage, both for the contiguous and non-contiguous case. When complete coverage is possible, we give an O(n 2) algorithm for an optimal solution, a linear time approximation scheme with approximation factor 2, and a (1∈+∈ε) PTAS. When the sensors have unequal ranges we show that a variation of the problem is NP-complete and identify some instances which can be solved with our algorithms for sensors with unequal ranges.
    Date Created:
    2009-10-19

  • Relative Span weighted localization of uncooperative nodes in wireless networks

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Barbeau, Michel and Laurendeau, Christine
    Abstract:
    Increasingly ubiquitous wireless technologies require novel localization techniques to pinpoint the position of an uncooperative node, whether the target be a malicious device engaging in a security exploit or a low-battery handset in the middle of a critical emergency. Such scenarios necessitate that a radio signal source be localized by other network nodes efficiently, using minimal information. We propose two new algorithms for estimating the position of an uncooperative transmitter, based on the received signal strength (RSS) of a single target message at a set of receivers whose coordinates are known. As an extension to the concept of centroid localization, our mechanisms weigh each receiver's coordinates based on the message's relative RSS at that receiver, with respect to the span of RSS values over all receivers. The weights may decrease from the highest RSS receiver either linearly or exponentially. Our simulation results demonstrate that for all but the most sparsely populated wireless networks, our exponentially weighted mechanism localizes a target node within the regulations stipulated for emergency services location accuracy.
    Date Created:
    2009-09-28

  • Succinct and I/O efficient data structures for traversal in trees

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Dillabaugh, Craig, He, Meng, and Maheshwari, Anil
    Abstract:
    We present two results for path traversal in trees, where the traversal is performed in an asymptotically optimal number of I/Os and the tree structure is represented succinctly. Our first result is for bottom-up traversal that starts with a node in the tree T and traverses a path to the root. For blocks of size B, a tree on N nodes, and for a path of length K, we design data structures that permit traversal of the bottom-up path in O(K/B) I/Os using only bits, for an arbitrarily selected constant, ε, where 0∈<∈ε<∈1. Our second result is for top-down traversal in binary trees. We store T using (3∈+∈q)N∈+∈o(N) bits, where q is the number of bits required to store a key, while top-down traversal can still be performed in an asymptotically optimal number of I/Os.
    Date Created:
    2008-12-01

  • Local construction and coloring of spanners of location aware unit disk graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kranakis, Evangelos and Wiese, Andreas
    Abstract:
    We investigate the problem of locally coloring and constructing special spanners of location aware Unit Disk Graphs (UDGs). First we present a local approximation algorithm for the vertex coloring problem in UDGs which uses at most four times as many colors as required by an optimal solution. Then we look at the colorability of spanners of UDGs. In particular we present a local algorithm for constructing a 4-colorable spanner of a unit disk graph. The output consists of the spanner and the 4-coloring. The computed spanner also has the properties that it is planar, the degree of a vertex in the spanner is at most 5 and the angles between two edges are at least π/3. By enlarging the locality distance (i.e. the size of the neighborhood which a vertex has to explore in order to compute its color) we can ensure the total weight of the spanner to be arbitrarily close to the weight of a minimum spanning tree. We prove that a local algorithm cannot compute a bipartite spanner of a unit disk graph and therefore our algorithm needs at most one color more than any local algorithm for the task requires. Moreover, we prove that there is no local algorithm for 3-coloring UDGs or spanners of UDGs, even if the 3-colorability of the graph (or the spanner respectively) is guaranteed in advance.
    Date Created:
    2008-12-01

  • Integrating performance analysis in the model driven development of software product lines

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Petriu, Dorina C. and Tawhid, Rasha
    Abstract:
    The paper proposes to integrate performance analysis in the early phases of the model-driven development process for Software Product Lines (SPL). We start by adding generic performance annotations to the UML model representing the set of core reusable SPL assets. The annotations are generic and use the MARTE Profile recently adopted by OMG. A first model transformation realized in the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL), which is the focus of this paper, derives the UML model of a specific product with concrete MARTE performance annotations from the SPL model. A second transformation generates a Layered Queueing Network performance model for the given product by applying an existing transformation approach named PUMA, developed in previous work. The proposed technique is illustrated with an e-commerce case study that models the commonality and variability in both structural and behavioural SPL views. A product is derived and the performance of two design alternatives is compared.
    Date Created:
    2008-11-28

  • Computing the greedy spanner in near-quadratic time

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Bose, Prosenjit, Maheshwari, Anil, Carmi, Paz, Smid, Michiel, and Farshi, Mohammad
    Abstract:
    It is well-known that the greedy algorithm produces high quality spanners and therefore is used in several applications. However, for points in d-dimensional Euclidean space, the greedy algorithm has cubic running time. In this paper we present an algorithm that computes the greedy spanner (spanner computed by the greedy algorithm) for a set of n points from a metric space with bounded doubling dimension in time using space. Since the lower bound for computing such spanners is Ω(n 2), the time complexity of our algorithm is optimal to within a logarithmic factor.
    Date Created:
    2008-10-27

  • Optimal movement of mobile sensors for barrier coverage of a planar region (extended abstract)

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kranakis, Evangelos, Shi, Q., Bhattacharya, B., Wiese, A., Burmester, B., and Hu, Y.
    Abstract:
    Intrusion detection, area coverage and border surveillance are important applications of wireless sensor networks today. They can be (and are being) used to monitor large unprotected areas so as to detect intruders as they cross a border or as they penetrate a protected area. We consider the problem of how to optimally move mobile sensors to the fence (perimeter) of a region delimited by a simple polygon in order to detect intruders from either entering its interior or exiting from it. We discuss several related issues and problems, propose two models, provide algorithms and analyze their optimal mobility behavior.
    Date Created:
    2008-09-22

  • Geometric spanners with small chromatic number

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Couture, Mathieu, Smid, Michiel, Maheshwari, Anil, Bose, Prosenjit, Carmi, Paz, and Zeh, Norbert
    Abstract:
    Given an integer k ≥ 2, we consider the problem of computing the smallest real number t(k) such that for each set P of points in the plane, there exists a t(k)-spanner for P that has chromatic number at most k. We prove that t(2)∈=∈3, t(3)∈=∈2, , and give upper and lower bounds on t(k) for k∈>∈4. We also show that for any ε>∈0, there exists a (1∈+∈ε)t(k)-spanner for P that has O(|P|) edges and chromatic number at most k. Finally, we consider an on-line variant of the problem where the points of P are given one after another, and the color of a point must be assigned at the moment the point is given. In this setting, we prove that t(2)∈=∈3, , , and give upper and lower bounds on t(k) for k∈>∈4.
    Date Created:
    2008-08-27

  • Local PTAS for independent set and vertex cover in location aware unit disk graphs (Extended Abstract)

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kranakis, Evangelos and Wiese, Andreas
    Abstract:
    We present the first local approximation schemes for maximum independent set and minimum vertex cover in unit disk graphs. In the graph model we assume that each node knows its geographic coordinates in the plane (location aware nodes). Our algorithms are local in the sense that the status of each node v (whether or not v is in the computed set) depends only on the vertices which are a constant number of hops away from v. This constant is independent of the size of the network. We give upper bounds for the constant depending on the desired approximation ratio. We show that the processing time which is necessary in order to compute the status of a single vertex is bounded by a polynomial in the number of vertices which are at most a constant number of vertices away from it. Our algorithms give the best possible approximation ratios for this setting. The technique which we use to obtain the algorithm for vertex cover can also be employed for constructing the first global PTAS for this problem in unit disk graph which does not need the embedding of the graph as part of the input.
    Date Created:
    2008-07-01

  • Our place or mine? Exploration into collectivism-focused persuasive technology design

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Biddle, Robert, Noble, James, Barr, Pippin, Fischer, Ronald, and Khaled, Rilla
    Abstract:
    Persuasive technologies are increasingly ubiquitous, but the strategies they utilise largely originate in America. Consumer behaviour research shows us that certain persuasion strategies will be more effective on some cultures than others. We claim that the existing strategies will be less effective on non-American audiences than they are on American audiences, and we use information from interviews to show that there exists much scope to develop persuasive technologies from a collectivism-focused perspective. To illustrate the development of such a tool, we describe the design of a collectivism-focused financial planning tool.
    Date Created:
    2006-07-17

  • On spanners of geometric graphs

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Smid, Michiel and Gudmundsson, Joachim
    Abstract:
    Given a connected geometric graph G, we consider the problem of constructing a t-spanner of G having the minimum number of edges. We prove that for every t with 1 1+1/t) edges. This bound almost matches the known upper bound, which states that every connected weighted graph with n vertices contains a t-spanner with O(tn1+2/(t+1)) edges. We also prove that the problem of deciding whether a given geometric graph contains a t-spanner with at most K edges is NP-hard. Previously, this NP-hardness result was only known for non-geometric graphs.
    Date Created:
    2006-01-01

  • Abstraction-raising transformation for generating analysis models

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Mirandola, Raffaela, Grassi, Vincenzo, Sabetta, Antonino, and Petriu, Dorina C.
    Abstract:
    The verification of non-functional requirements of software models (such as performance, reliability, scalability, security, etc.) requires the transformation of UML models into different analysis models such as Petri nets, queueing networks, formal logic, etc., which represent the system at a higher level of abstraction. The paper proposes a new "abstraction-raising" transformation approach for generating analysis models from UML models. In general, such transformations must bridge a large semantic gap between the source and the target model. The proposed approach is illustrated by a transformation from UML to Klaper (Kernel LAnguage for PErformance and Reliability analysis of component-based systems).
    Date Created:
    2006-07-06

  • Mobile agent rendezvous in a synchronous torus

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Markou, Euripides, Kranakis, Evangelos, and Krizanc, Danny
    Abstract:
    We consider the rendezvous problem for identical mobile agents (i.e., running the same deterministic algorithm) with tokens in a synchronous torus with a sense of direction and show that there is a striking computational difference between one and more tokens. More specifically, we show that 1) two agents with a constant number of unmovable tokens, or with one movable token, each cannot rendezvous if they have o(log n) memory, while they can perform rendezvous with detection as long as they have one unmovable token and O(log n) memory; in contrast, 2) when two agents have two movable tokens each then rendezvous (respectively, rendezvous with detection) is possible with constant memory in an arbitrary n × m (respectively, n × n) torus; and finally, 3) two agents with three movable tokens each and constant memory can perform rendezvous with detection in a n × m torus. This is the first publication in the literature that studies tradeoffs between the number of tokens, memory and knowledge the agents need in order to meet in such a network.
    Date Created:
    2006-07-10

  • Randomized rendez-vous with limited memory

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Kranakis, Evangelos, Morin, Pat, and Krizanc, Danny
    Abstract:
    We present a tradeoff between the expected time for two identical agents to rendez-vous on a synchronous, anonymous, oriented ring and the memory requirements of the agents. In particular, we show that there exists a 2t state agent, which can achieve rendez-vous on an n node ring in expected time O( n 2/2 t ∈+∈2 t ) and that any t/2 state agent requires expected time Ω( n 2/2 t ). As a corollary we observe that Θ(loglogn) bits of memory are necessary and sufficient to achieve rendez-vous in linear time.
    Date Created:
    2008-05-12

  • Induced subgraphs of bounded degree and bounded treewidth

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Dujmović, Vida, Wood, David, and Bose, Prosenjit
    Abstract:
    We prove that for all 0 ≤ t ≤ k and d ≥ 2k, every graph G with treewidth at most k has a 'large' induced subgraph H, where H has treewidth at most t and every vertex in H has degree at most d in G, The order of H depends on t, k, d, and the order of G. With t = k, we obtain large sets of bounded degree vertices. With t = 0, we obtain large independent sets of bounded degree. In both these cases, our bounds on the order of H are tight. For bounded degree independent sets in trees, we characterise the extremal graphs. Finally, we prove that an interval graph with maximum clique size k has a maximum independent set in which every vertex has degree at most 2k.
    Date Created:
    2005-12-01

  • Noisy subsequence recognition using constrained string editing involving substitutions, insertions, deletions and generalized transpositions

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Loke, R. K.S. and Oommen, B. John
    Abstract:
    We consider a problem which can greatly enhance the areas of cursive script recognition and the recognition of printed character sequences. This problem involves recognizing words/strings by processing their noisy subsequences. Let X* be any unknown word from a finite dictionary H. Let U be any arbitrary subsequence of X*. We study the problem of estimating X* by processing Y, a noisy version of U. Y contains substitution, insertion, deletion and generalized transposition errors — the latter occurring when transposed characters are themselves subsequently substituted. We solve the noisy subsequence recognition problem by defining and using the constrained edit distance between X ε H and Y subject to any arbitrary edit constraint involving the number and type of edit operations to be performed. An algorithm to compute this constrained edit distance has been presented. Using these algorithms we present a syntactic Pattern Recognition (PR) scheme which corrects noisy text containing all these types of errors. Experimental results which involve strings of lengths between 40 and 80 with an average of 30.24 deleted characters and an overall average noise of 68.69 % demonstrate the superiority of our system over existing methods.
    Date Created:
    1995-01-01

  • Data quality is context dependent

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Jiang, Lei, Bertossi, Leopoldo, and Rizzolo, Flavio
    Abstract:
    We motivate, formalize and investigate the notions of data quality assessment and data quality query answering as context dependent activities. Contexts for the assessment and usage of a data source at hand are modeled as collections of external databases, that can be materialized or virtual, and mappings within the collections and with the data source at hand. In this way, the context becomes "the complement" of the data source wrt a data integration system. The proposed model allows for natural extensions, like considering data quality predicates, and even more expressive ontologies for data quality assessment.
    Date Created:
    2011-01-01

  • The weak gap property in metric spaces of bounded doubling dimension

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Smid, Michiel
    Date Created:
    2009-10-16

  • Position discovery for a system of bouncing robots

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Ponce, Oscar Morales, Pacheco, Eduardo, Kranakis, Evangelos, Ga̧sieniec, Leszek, Czyzowicz, Jurek, and Kosowski, Adrian
    Abstract:
    A collection of n anonymous mobile robots is deployed on a unit-perimeter ring or a unit-length line segment. Every robot starts moving at constant speed, and bounces each time it meets any other robot or segment endpoint, changing its walk direction. We study the problem of position discovery, in which the task of each robot is to detect the presence and the initial positions of all other robots. The robots cannot communicate or perceive information about the environment in any way other than by bouncing. Each robot has a clock allowing it to observe the times of its bounces. The robots have no control on their walks, which are determined by their initial positions and the starting directions. Each robot executes the same position detection algorithm, which receives input data in real-time about the times of the bounces, and terminates when the robot is assured about the existence and the positions of all the robots. Some initial configuration of robots are shown to be infeasible - no position detection algorithm exists for them. We give complete characterizations of all infeasible initial configurations for both the ring and the segment, and we design optimal position detection algorithms for all feasible configurations. For the case of the ring, we show that all robot configurations in which not all the robots have the same initial direction are feasible. We give a position detection algorithm working for all feasible configurations. The cost of our algorithm depends on the number of robots starting their movement in each direction. If the less frequently used initial direction is given to k ≤ n/2 robots, the time until completion of the algorithm by the last robot is 1/2 ⌈n/k⌉. We prove that this time is optimal. By contrast to the case of the ring, for the unit segment we show that the family of infeasible configurations is exactly the set of so-called symmetric configurations. We give a position detection algorithm which works for all feasible configurations on the segment in time 2, and this algorithm is also proven to be optimal.
    Date Created:
    2012-11-09

  • Query rewriting using datalog for duplicate resolution

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Gardezi, Jaffer and Bertossi, Leopoldo
    Abstract:
    Matching Dependencies (MDs) are a recent proposal for declarative entity resolution. They are rules that specify, given the similarities satisfied by values in a database, what values should be considered duplicates, and have to be matched. On the basis of a chase-like procedure for MD enforcement, we can obtain clean (duplicate-free) instances; actually possibly several of them. The clean answers to queries (which we call the resolved answers) are invariant under the resulting class of instances. In this paper, we investigate a query rewriting approach to obtaining the resolved answers (for certain classes of queries and MDs). The rewritten queries are specified in stratified Datalog not,s with aggregation. In addition to the rewriting algorithm, we discuss the semantics of the rewritten queries, and how they could be implemented by means of a DBMS.
    Date Created:
    2012-10-10

  • The discrete voronoi game in a simple polygon

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Smid, Michiel, Maheshwari, Anil, Das, Sandip, and Banik, Aritra
    Abstract:
    Let P be a simple polygon with m vertices and let be a set of n points in P. We consider the points of to be users. We consider a game with two players and. In this game, places a point facility inside P, after which places another point facility inside P. We say that a user is served by its nearest facility, where distances are measured by the geodesic distance in P. The objective of each player is to maximize the number of users they serve. We show that for any given placement of a facility by, an optimal placement for can be computed in O(m + n(logn + logm)) time. We also provide a polynomial-time algorithm for computing an optimal placement for.
    Date Created:
    2013-10-08

  • An external memory data structure for shortest path queries

    Resource Type:
    Conference Proceeding
    Creator:
    Zeh, Norbert, Hutchinson, David, and Maheshwari, Anil
    Abstract:
    We present results related to satisfying shortest path queries on a planar graph stored in external memory. In particular, we show how to store rooted trees in external memory so that bottom-up paths can be traversed I/O-efficiently, and we present I/O-efficient algorithms for triangulating planar graphs and computing small separators of such graphs. Using these techniques, we can construct a data structure that allows for answering shortest path queries on a planar graph I/O-efficiently.
    Date Created:
    1999-01-01