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Carleton University
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- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Meister, Curtis Harrison
- Abstract:
- Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) could allow solar energy to offset the majority of building energy loads in cold climates. This thesis outlines one of the first long-term, full-scale experimental studies on seasonal storage at the single-detached home scale. A solar thermal system couples a large evacuated tube solar array to both short term thermal storage tanks and a 36m^3 buried water tank used for seasonal storage. Solar heat stored in these water tanks provides space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) to an energy-efficient two-storey research house in Ottawa, Canada. Long term experiments are described, including a one-year cycle of the system and long term heat loss monitoring. Results show that the as-built system can meet the majority of the building's SH and DHW loads, achieving a solar fraction of 68%. However, experiments revealed several areas of underperformance. Most prominently, faulty solar collectors limited the system's potential. To assess the true potential of the system, detailed energy models were developed and validated against experimental data. Simulated free of faults and underperforming components, the system has a predicted solar fraction of over 90%. Building simulation is further used to explore improved control and sizing of STES systems for single-detached homes. Control methods and decisions such as variable speed pumping, radiant floor supply temperature modulation, and storage setpoints are explored, among others. In regard to sizing, for the house under study, it is shown that solar fractions over 90% require relatively large (and potentially costly) STES tanks (30m^3). However, a moderately lower solar fraction of 70-80% may be obtained even with significantly smaller tanks (10m^3), provided an "oversized" solar thermal array is utilized, which may come at a significantly lower investment cost.
- Thesis Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Engineering, Mechanical
- Date Created:
- 2022
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- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Voshtani, Seyyedsina
- Abstract:
- Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and the second-largest contributor to anthropogenic climate forcing. After stabilizing in the early 2000s, the global methane concentration has sharply risen since 2007, mainly due to human-related activities. Curbing the rise of methane concentrations entails identifying and reducing methane emissions, which may otherwise significantly impact climate and air quality. Due to their near-continuous global coverage, satellite observations of methane are often combined with chemical transport models (CTMs) to improve model concentrations and emissions estimates. Previous methane studies are still faced with significant gaps and challenges such that considerable discrepancies among their results have been reported consistently. On the estimation side, most studies assumed that the model is perfect and characterization of uncertainties is already optimal. Obtaining information on methane uncertainties using conventional approaches requires extensive computational resources compared to model integration. Furthermore, there is a lack of independent and objective evaluation of those estimated uncertainties. The first thesis objective is to develop a novel cost-efficient data assimilation framework capable of estimating error statistics using a CTM. This method is referred to as parametric variance Kalman filter (PvKF), which relies on continuous formulation of error covariance propagation without making the perfect model assumption. We test the validity of our assumptions and the performance of the PvKF assimilation using simulated GOSAT observations. Our next goal is to conduct near-optimal assimilation to represent the true methane field. Cross-validation offers an objective manner to characterize the success of the method. We extend that method to the satellite observations and multiple covariance parameter estimations. Using estimated error statistics and GOSAT observations, we found that the quality of the analysis substantially depends on the optimality of those error covariances. Lastly, we evaluate the use of PvKF assimilation in a source inversion context in comparison with a traditional 4D-Var inversion. Using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), we verify the ability of our new inversion framework to recover a distribution of known emissions. Our results indicate that both the analysis field and its error covariance exert a tangible influence in lowering the bias and variance of the recovered emissions.
- Thesis Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Engineering, Environmental
- Date Created:
- 2022
-
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Crosby, Andrew Alan
- Abstract:
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the social relations of rule and resistance surrounding gentrification, eviction, and the financialization of rental housing. Contributing to scholarship in critical urban sociology, this research troubles the notion of urban liveability by examining socio-spatial processes of home unmaking at a key site of revitalization and redevelopment in the City of Ottawa. Heron Gate is a large rental neighbourhood owned by one real estate investment firm. Around 800 people—predominantly lower-income, racialized households—have been evicted and displaced from the neighbourhood since 2016, leading to the emergence of the Herongate Tenant Coalition to fight the evictions and confront the landlord-developer. Two theoretical threads guide this research project: settler colonial property relations and domicide, the deliberate destruction of home. Within the context of the City of Ottawa aspiration to be North America's most liveable mid-sized city, this research interrogates how discourses of improvement are mobilized alongside practices of home unmaking in the development of settler colonial cities, as well as how domicide is resisted. This project engages from the standpoint of political activist ethnography, a methodological approach that aims to produce knowledge from an activist perspective and that is useful for social movement struggles. Through the Heron Gate case study and engagement with the Herongate Tenant Coalition, this research sheds light on the investment strategies of apartment investors—including demoviction and intensification—as well as tactics that they deploy to attempt to demobilize tenant opposition. The research further demonstrates the role of municipal governance actors in facilitating gentrification initiatives, and how gentrification is produced through discourses of improvement—such as liveability, revitalization, and community wellbeing—that work to unmake homes, communities, and homelands for some (marginalized, racialized, and Indigenous populations), and remake homes, communities, and homelands for others (affluent, white, settler populations), contributing to how we understand the evolution of racialized property relations in settler society. The significance of this research is that it informs a broader understanding of the financialization of rental housing, larger impacts on affordable housing, and the role that grassroots tenant movements can play in defending their buildings and neighbourhoods.
- Thesis Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Sociology
- Date Created:
- 2022
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- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Laarakker, Christy Grace
- Abstract:
- Subjective time is the time humans perceive within their internal experiences and is therefore described as "inner time" or "internal time" (Fuchs, 2001). Objective time is a way humans measure time independent of their subjective personal time, also known as "outer time" or "external time" (Northoff et al., 2018). These two forms of time interact with each other when we listen to music. The goal of this study is to investigate the difference between internally and externally oriented perception of music. Using two different music data sets, we measure internal and external time perception through specifically developed visual analogue scales (VAS) with ten questions for each dimension. Results show differences in internally oriented and externally oriented perception during different music pieces. Together our results show the importance of distinguishing externally oriented and internally oriented perception during music listening.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Cognitive Science (M.Cog.Sc.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Cognitive Science
- Date Created:
- 2022
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- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Politis, Diego Andreas
- Abstract:
- The mean linear intercept (MLI) score is a useful and common approach for quantifying lung structure in histopathological images. This thesis describes a system developed to calculate the MLI score in a fully automated manner. The system was tested using 20 WSIs from mice. The root-mean-squared deviation between the MLI score of the proposed method and a human rater was 5.73 (standard deviation 5.65), and there was a very strong correlation (r=0.9931). Biases for the indirect method of MLI scoring are examined and shown to account for the differences with the direct MLI scores. Results suggest that shorter guideline length and smaller number of accepted FOV images have a higher standard error when estimating the MLI score when compared to longer guideline lengths and higher number of accepted FOV images. The proposed automated system provides an efficient, accurate, and accessible method that could replace current manual and semi-automated techniques.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Applied Science (M.App.Sc.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Engineering, Biomedical
- Date Created:
- 2022
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- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Elfazani, Hayat Husein Mohamed
- Abstract:
- The objective of this research is to examine the design, qualification, and performance of additive manufactured (AM) parts made using ABS-P430 polymer material. A group of tensile and fatigue coupons were designed and manufactured using two fused deposition additive manufacturing machines, Stratasys SST 1200es and Creality CR-10. The AM parts were built on flat and on edge side at different build orientations. The influence of the manufacturing parameters on the mechanical properties of AM components were investigated. This includes the variation in building orientations, layer thickness and the distribution of air gaps. Tensile tests were performed to ascertain the tensile properties of the AM polymer parts. Full field strain measurements were obtained using 2D digital image correlation (2D-DIC). ANOVA statistical results showed that building orientations influenced the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus. There are slightly difference in the tensile properties with the variation in building orientation that is probably not statistically significant. The uncertainty propagation in tensile properties associated with the measuring instruments was calculated using the Guide of Uncertainty Measurement (GUM). The effect of build orientation on constant amplitude fatigue performance at initiation, propagation and overall fatigue life was investigated. The 2D-DIC method was successfully used to non-invasively measure the fatigue crack length. Fatigue cracks were measured during tests with frequent pauses, less frequent pauses and no pauses to identify the possible influence of test method on measured fatigue life. It was determined that the stress relaxation happening during the pauses had significant impact on measured fatigue life. The optical analysis was conducted to examine the link between process parameters and part defects. The fracture surface morphology analysis revealed that the void formation between deposited filaments affected the fracture surface. The void fraction percentage was estimated using optical methods. Specimens with more voids as measured by SEM had lower mechanical properties. Micro-CT analysis was selected to investigate the internal geometry of AM parts made from ABS polymer material. Also, Micro-CT was used to study the effect of contour width to total width ratio and contour area to total area ratio on the fatigue life of AM parts.
- Thesis Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Engineering, Aerospace
- Date Created:
- 2022
-
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- King, Alexander Mackenzie
- Abstract:
- This thesis historicizes the case of White working-class support for Donald Trump. The debate focuses on three major tropes that recurred throughout Trump's speeches and campaign materials: an ongoing attack on a nebulous group of "special interests," an attendant demand for a return to "law and order," and a celebratory appeal to an undefined "silent majority". Using Laclau's theorization of "floating signifiers" to frame my debate, this thesis analyzes campaign materials, polling evidence, and secondary sources to judge how said populist tropes gravitated away from their progressive connotations of class warfare during the latter half of the 20th century. The following project finds that Trump and his reactionary forebearers used these formerly progressive signifiers to channel post-Civil Rights White backlash towards a conspiratorial "special interest" network of liberal Washington elites that had overlooked a victimized "silent majority" of workers in favor of racially marginalized citizens through an "unfair" tax-and-spend agenda.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Arts (M.A.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Political Economy
- Date Created:
- 2022
-
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Barclay, Isaac James
- Abstract:
- The salmon fishing industry in Port Hardy, British Columbia is on the brink of change. New policies, the instability of boom-and-bust economic development, and climate change threaten the capture salmon fishing industry and aquaculture industries in rural British Columbia. I used a series of semi-structured interviews to examine the complexities behind the impact of climate change on fishing communities. I found that anticipating new industries, or the revitalization of old industries, leaves rural communities trapped in the cycle of resource dependency.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Arts (M.A.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Anthropology
- Date Created:
- 2022
-
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Glasser, Laura Silva
- Abstract:
- While Western society views Josef Stalin as a tyrant, in many post-Soviet countries, that is not the case. Russia and Georgia, the centre of the former Soviet Union and Stalin's home country, respectively, are notable examples. This work will determine the roles of citizens and social media sites in interpreting Stalin's legacy and serve as an initial piece of research into the intersection of memory politics, social media, and post-Soviet states. I compare social media posts with each country's official narrative toward Stalin and determine that Russian and Georgian governments approach him differently, with Russia presenting him positively, and Georgia not having a cohesive official narrative. Findings were that both countries support the War Hero narrative, Georgians are proud of being from Stalin's home country, and youth are becoming indifferent towards him. This work will help outline the extent to which the Soviet era still influences the modern day.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Arts (M.A.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- European, Russian and Eurasian Studies
- Date Created:
- 2022
-
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Creator:
- Parnell, Jessica Marie
- Abstract:
- Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis, a potent cannabinoid, has potential analgesic properties. However, there is a gap in the literature in respect to cannabinoid receptor expression and localization in the spinal cord across both sex and species, with almost nothing known in humans. We used immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging to investigate the differential expression of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) across dorsal horn laminae and cell populations in male and female adult rats and humans. Qualitatively, we observed increased neuropil immunostaining in the SDH of rats and humans, and somatic staining in deeper laminae. Quantitative results indicated a significant increase in CB1R immunoreactivity in the SDH when compared to the deeper dorsal horn laminae of male and female rat and humans. The preferential expression of CB1Rs in the SDH across both sex and species has significant implications for both the understanding and treatment of pain.
- Thesis Degree:
- Master of Science (M.Sc.)
- Thesis Degree Discipline:
- Neuroscience
- Date Created:
- 2022